Structure Based Technique White Box

Structure based testing is a strategy in which testing is based solely on the internal working and structure of the code. Testing is based on the internal paths, structure, and implementation of the software under test (SUT). In contrast to its complement, black box testing, it generally requires detailed programming skills. Structure based testing is commonly referred to as "white box testing". It is also called as "Glass box" or "Clear Box" testing. Process involved in white box testing are follows: Analyze the SUT's implementation and then...

How To use All Pairs Technique Testing

All PairsTesting: It is also known as Pairwise Testing Technique which is a combinatorial software testing method where, for each pair of input parameters to a system, all possible discrete combinations of those parameters are identified and tested. In this method, a set of test cases is generated that covers all combinations of the selected test data values for each pair of variables. It's also referred as 2-way testing. It is also possible to do all triples or all quadruples testing, but the size of the higher order test sets grows very rapidly. This...

Technique with examples orthogonal array testing

Orthogonal array testing is combinatorial software testing which uses a systematic, statistical way of deriving test conditions and test cases. It is followed in places where there are a large number of combinations that should be tested and would be risky if we do not test them. Technique: The steps for using orthogonal array technique are: STEP 1: Analyze the given test inputs or requirements and list out the variables that needs to be tested for interaction. STEP 2: Determine the number of choices or values for each variable. STEP 3: Locate...

State transition diagram in testing

State Transition Testing Technique: Steps for using state transition testing are: STEP 1: Understand the various states that the system , user, or object can be in, including the initial and final states. Examples of states can be 'User raising a purchase order' or 'leave request is accepted'.  State are represented as, STEP 2: Identify transitions, events, conditions, and actions that can and can't apply in each state. STEP 3: Use a graph or table to model the system. This graph or table also serves as an oracle to predict correct system...

What is State Transition Testing

State Transition Testing: State-Transition diagrams are an excellent tool to capture certain types of system requirements and to document internal system design. These diagrams document the events that come into and are processed by a  system as well as the system's responses. When a system must remember what happened before or when valid and invalid orders of operation exist, then state transition testing could be used. It is useful in situations when workflow modelling or dataflow modelling has been done, which mean that the system moves...

Decision Table Testing Technique and Examples

Technique followed for decision table testing are follows: STEP 1: Analyze the given test inputs or requirements an list out the various conditions in the decision table. STEP 2: Calculate the number of possible combinations (Rules) STEP 3: Fill columns of the decision table with all possible combinations (Rules) STEP 4: Find out cases where the values assumed by a variable are immaterial for a given combination Fill the same by "don't care" symbol. STEP 5: For each of the combination of values, find out the action or expected result. STEP 6:...

Decision Table General Format

Decision Tables are used to describe and analyze problems that contain procedural decision situations that are characterized by one or more conditions; the state of which determines the execution of a set of actions. They record the complex business rules that a system must implement. This serves as a guide to create Test Conditions. The basic parts of a decision table are shown below: The upper left portion of the format is called the stub quadrant, it contains statements of the conditions. Similarly, the lower left portion is called the action...

Boundary Value Analysis Example

Boundary Value Analysis: Boundary value Analysis is the act of dividing the given input set by a relation into groups or classes which is treated the same by the module or which should produce the same result. Any data value within a class is equivalent in terms of testing, to any other value. The steps for using boundary value testing are: Identify the equivalence classes from the given requirements or scenario. Identify the boundaries of each Equivalence Class. Create a test case for each boundary value by choosing one point above the boundary,...

Equivalence Class Testing Technique Examples

Equivalence class Testing: Equivalence class or Equivalence Partition is the act of dividing the given input set by a relation into groups or classes which is treated the same by the module or which should produce the same result. Any data value within a class is equivalent in terms of testing, to any other value. Equivalence partitioning is a software testing design technique that involves identifying a small set of representative input values that produce as many different output conditions as possible. One representative sample from each...

Test Design Techniques Black box testing

What is Black box Testing ? Black box testing is a strategy in which testing is based solely on the requirements and specifications. Here, testing the software is done based on output requirements and without any knowledge of the internal structure or coding in the program. Process involved in Black box testing: First, the requirements or specifications are analyzed and valid inputs are chosen based on the specification. Then we need to determine the expected outputs for those inputs. Now tests are constructed with the selected inputs to execute...

Why Test cases must be designed ?

Need for Test Design: Just like code is designed and developed, test cases also must be designed and then written. Since test design is required to derive at an optimal test suite which is of reasonable size and uncovers as many errors as possible. Also have to consider that randomly selecting or writing test cases does not provide effective testing. Let's see an example of simple programming error. If (X > Y) max = X; Else max  = X; Here, for the above program if we developed large test suite without design such as {(X=3, Y=2), (X=10,...

Requirements Traceability And Test Cases

What is Requirements Traceability ? Functional or software requirement specification  is the document which describes stakeholder's requirements which should be traced with deliverables produced during the software development life cycle. What are the objectives of Requirements Traceeability ? The objectives of requirement traceability, in general, are to Ensure that the deliverables meet the requirement specification. Ensure that no requirements are missed and therefore  that all are delivered. Identify which deliverables implement...

How to write a test case from use case

Use Case to Test Case Conversion: Let us see the process for generating test cases from a fully detailed use case. The first step is to for each use case, generate a full set of high level test scenarios. For each high level scenario, identify at least one positive or negative test case and the conditions that will make it "execute". Then for each test case, identify the data values with which to test. At last document the test case as a combination of stepps and expected results including the above identified data values. Tester should consider...

What is Test Case? Why Do We Need

What is a Test case? IEEE Standard 610 (1990) defines a test case as follows: A set of inputs, execution conditions, and expected results developed for a particular objective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement." A test is not only designed to reveal a defect but also to learn something from the defect. Why Do We a Test Case? Test cases identify and communicate the conditions that will be implement in test. Necessary to very successful and acceptable implementation of the product...